zu seinem hohen Bekanntheitsgrad bei. This leads me to a profound realisation. "[69][71] He was held in higher regard than he believed; as Berman commented, the examiners "were intelligent enough to realise they were talking to someone far cleverer than most of themselves". 1965: Heirat mit Jane Wilde. [357] The same month, it was reported that Hawking's nurse, Patricia Dowdy, had been handed an interim suspension in 2016 for "failures over his care and financial misconduct. [234], Hawking returned to Cambridge in 1975 to a new home and a new job, as reader. She refused, but the consequence was a tracheotomy, which required round-the-clock nursing care and the removal of what remained of his speech. 1990: Scheidung von Jane Wilde. 1979 - 2009: Inhaber des Lucasischer Lehrstuhl für Mathematik an der Universität Cambridge. As Hawking insisted, this time the focus was entirely on science. [415] After receiving the award from Prime Minister Theresa May, Hawking humorously requested that she not seek his help with Brexit. März 2018 in Cambridge, England) war ein britischer theoretischer Physiker und Astrophysiker. [113][114], Hawking was appointed to the Sherman Fairchild Distinguished Visiting Professorship at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) in 1974. 1959 - 1962: Studium der Physik und Mathematik an der Universität Oxford. [285][297] Near the end of his life, Hawking experienced increased breathing difficulties, often resulting in his requiring the usage of a ventilator, and being regularly hospitalised. At the time, doctors gave him a life expectancy of two years. [163] Hawking travelled extensively to promote his work, and enjoyed partying and dancing into the small hours. Nimoy made the necessary contact, and Hawking played a holographic simulation of himself in an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation in 1993. Their joint essay was the runner-up in the 1968 Gravity Research Foundation competition. With Page's help and that of a secretary, Jane's responsibilities were reduced so she could return to her doctoral thesis and her new interest in singing. Nicht nur seine wissenschaftlichen Errungenschaften machen Stephen Hawking zu einer der wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten des 20. und 21. Hawking's scientific works included a collaboration with Roger Penrose on gravitational singularity theorems in the framework of general relativity and the theoretical prediction that black holes emit radiation, often called Hawking radiation. [316][317][318][319] The Gonville and Caius College flag flew at half-mast and a book of condolences was signed by students and visitors. [369], If you like, you can call the laws of science 'God', but it wouldn't be a personal God that you would meet and put questions to. [33][34] His wealthy paternal great-grandfather, from Yorkshire, over-extended himself buying farm land and then went bankrupt in the great agricultural depression during the early 20th century. [276] In general, Hawking had ambivalent feelings about his role as a disability rights champion: while wanting to help others, he also sought to detach himself from his illness and its challenges. [124][236][237] According to Jane, her husband was accepting of the situation, stating "he would not object so long as I continued to love him". He was a vigorous supporter of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.[22][23]. [329][330] Following the cremation, a service of thanksgiving was held at Westminster Abbey on 15 June 2018, after which his ashes were interred in the Abbey's nave, between the graves of Sir Isaac Newton and Charles Darwin. [53][54], Although known at school as "Einstein", Hawking was not initially successful academically. With Stephen Hawking’s passing today, we’re talking a lot about some of the lessons we’ve learned from the visionary physicist. [175] The same year, Thorne, Hawking and Preskill made another bet, this time concerning the black hole information paradox. Stephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS (* 8. In June 2017, Hawking endorsed the Labour Party in the 2017 UK general election, citing the Conservatives' proposed cuts to the NHS. In the 1960s Hawking contracted amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an incurable degenerative neuromuscular disease, but he continued to work despite its disabling effects. "[289] The voice he used had an American accent and is no longer produced. [20][21] After the loss of his speech, he was able to communicate through a speech-generating device—initially through use of a handheld switch, and eventually by using a single cheek muscle. Stephen Hawking was born on January 8, 1942 in Oxford, England, UK. By denying the evidence for climate change, and pulling out of the Paris Agreement, Donald Trump will cause avoidable environmental damage to our beautiful planet, endangering the natural world, for us and our children. [76] After being diagnosed with motor neurone disease, Hawking fell into a depression – though his doctors advised that he continue with his studies, he felt there was little point. Besonders seine Arbeiten "Eine kurze Geschichte der Zeit" aus dem Jahr 1988 sowie seine populärwissenschaftlichen [324][325] Guests at the funeral included The Theory of Everything actors Eddie Redmayne and Felicity Jones, Queen guitarist and astrophysicist Brian May, and model Lily Cole. Stephen was born in Oxford during WWII, the eldest of four children to parents Dr Frank Hawking and Eileen Isobel Hawking. [226] The two were married on 14 July 1965 in their shared hometown of St Albans. Professor Stephen Hawking is likely the most famous scientist since Albert Einstein (in fact, Einstein was Hawking’s nickname in grade school.) Higgs boson was discovered in July 2012. [194][178] In the 2005 paper he published on the subject, he argued that the information paradox was explained by examining all the alternative histories of universes, with the information loss in those with black holes being cancelled out by those without such loss. The memoir of Stephen Hawking’s first wife Jane clearly states that she had a bad sex life with Stephen because of his physical condition. [290][291] Despite the later availability of other voices, Hawking retained this original voice, saying that he preferred it and identified with it. Stephen Hawking awarded Presidential Medal of Freedom by Barack Obama . A film version of A Brief History of Time, directed by Errol Morris and produced by Steven Spielberg, premiered in 1992. Rollstuhl fesselte, sowie seine teilweise unkonventionellen Theorien über schwarze Löcher, ist Stephen Hawking seit den Siebzigerjahren des vorigen Jahrhunderts auf internationaler [402], Hawking allowed the use of his copyrighted voice[403][404] in the biographical 2014 film The Theory of Everything, in which he was portrayed by Eddie Redmayne in an Academy Award-winning role. In 1981 at a Vatican conference, he presented work suggesting that there might be no boundary – or beginning or ending – to the universe. [130][131], Cosmological inflation – a theory proposing that following the Big Bang, the universe initially expanded incredibly rapidly before settling down to a slower expansion – was proposed by Alan Guth and also developed by Andrei Linde. [179] A popular-level collection of essays, interviews, and talks titled Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays was published in 1993,[180] and a six-part television series Stephen Hawking's Universe and a companion book appeared in 1997. [139][140] Initially, the no-boundary proposal predicted a closed universe, which had implications about the existence of God. No one created the universe and no one directs our fate. Aus dieser [121] In 1975, he was awarded both the Eddington Medal and the Pius XI Gold Medal, and in 1976 the Dannie Heineman Prize, the Maxwell Medal and Prize and the Hughes Medal. [156] Lectures were prepared in advance and were sent to the speech synthesizer in short sections to be delivered. degree in physics and completing a trip to Iran with a friend, he began his graduate work at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, in October 1962. He grew up in a highly educated family. Beruf: Physiker Hawking quickly conceded that he had lost his bet[199][200] and said that Higgs should win the Nobel Prize for Physics,[201] which he did in 2013. [156] Peter Guzzardi, his editor at Bantam, pushed him to explain his ideas clearly in non-technical language, a process that required many revisions from an increasingly irritated Hawking. [259][260], In the late 1960s, Hawking's physical abilities declined: he began to use crutches and could no longer give lectures regularly. Elaine Mason's husband, David, a computer engineer, adapted a small computer and attached it to his wheelchair. [351][352][353], On 8 November 2018, an auction of 22 personal possessions of Stephen Hawking, including his doctoral thesis ("Properties of Expanding Universes", PhD thesis, Cambridge University, 1965) and wheelchair, took place, and fetched about £1.8 m.[354][355] Proceeds from the auction sale of the wheelchair went to two charities, the Motor Neurone Disease Association and the Stephen Hawking Foundation;[356] proceeds from Hawking's other items went to his estate. [245] In February 1990, Hawking told Jane that he was leaving her for Mason,[246] and departed the family home. [230] His disabilities meant that the responsibilities of home and family rested firmly on his wife's increasingly overwhelmed shoulders, leaving him more time to think about physics. [399] Hawking appeared in documentaries titled The Real Stephen Hawking (2001),[300] Stephen Hawking: Profile (2002)[400] and Hawking (2013), and the documentary series Stephen Hawking, Master of the Universe (2008). Christophe Galfard an der Erarbeitung des höchst erfolgreichen Buches beteiligt. [208], Several buildings have been named after him, including the Stephen W. Hawking Science Museum in San Salvador, El Salvador,[209] the Stephen Hawking Building in Cambridge,[210] and the Stephen Hawking Centre at the Perimeter Institute in Canada. [30][35] Hawking had two younger sisters, Philippa and Mary, and an adopted brother, Edward Frank David (1955–2003). [221] In July 2017, Hawking was awarded an Honorary Doctorate from Imperial College London. Stephen Hawking knew how black holes truly decay, but he told the world a very different, even incorrect, story. [267], When Hawking first began using a wheelchair in the late 1970s he was using standard motorised models. Update: Stephen Hawking passed away on March 14, 2018. Nicht nur im Kollegenkreis, sondern auch außerhalb der akademischen Welt erlangte Stephen Hawking Anerkennung, als er in den späten Sechzigerjahren mit Roger Penrose als erster Physiker 2018: Stephen Hawking stirbt in Cambridge (England). ",[142] also stating "If we discover a complete theory, it would be the ultimate triumph of human reason – for then we should know the mind of God";[143] in his early work, Hawking spoke of God in a metaphorical sense. [202], In 2007, Hawking and his daughter Lucy published George's Secret Key to the Universe, a children's book designed to explain theoretical physics in an accessible fashion and featuring characters similar to those in the Hawking family. of Everything" ("Die Entdeckung der Unendlichkeit") aus dem Jahr 2014. Januar 1942 in Oxford [294] With this decline there was a risk of his developing locked-in syndrome, so Hawking collaborated with Intel researchers on systems that could translate his brain patterns or facial expressions into switch activations. [38] Hawking's father wanted his son to attend the well-regarded Westminster School, but the 13-year-old Hawking was ill on the day of the scholarship examination. "[364][365] However, he argued that we should be more frightened of capitalism exacerbating economic inequality than robots. degree in physics. Already early in the list, in 1974 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS). [65][67] Hawking estimated that he studied about 1,000 hours during his three years at Oxford. Januar 1942 als Sohn eines Mediziners und einer studierten Wirtschaftswissenschaftlerin in Oxford geboren, wo er die ersten acht Jahre seines Lebens The Nature of Space and Time (1996), The Universe in a Nutshell (2001), The Theory of Everything (2002) [250] Police investigations took place, but were closed as Hawking refused to make a complaint. Also in 2008, while traveling to Spain, Hawking … The film, while a critical success, was not widely released. After winning a scholarship i… But there’s one lesson that particularly comes to mind, especially for leaders: choose empathy over aggression. "[371] In an interview published in The Guardian, Hawking regarded "the brain as a computer which will stop working when its components fail", and the concept of an afterlife as a "fairy story for people afraid of the dark". Stephen Hawking is a name that is impossible to ignore, at least if you’re a human from Earth. He was a good student at the period of his academic days but not an excellent student. The Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication is an annual award initiated in 2016 to honour members of the arts community for contributions that help build awareness of science. [241] The impact of his celebrity was challenging for colleagues and family members, while the prospect of living up to a worldwide fairytale image was daunting for the couple. [181][182], Hawking continued his writings for a popular audience, publishing The Universe in a Nutshell in 2001,[183] and A Briefer History of Time, which he wrote in 2005 with Leonard Mlodinow to update his earlier works with the aim of making them accessible to a wider audience, and God Created the Integers, which appeared in 2006. [138] The initial singularity of the classical Big Bang models was replaced with a region akin to the North Pole. 1966: Promotion zum Thema "Properties of Expanding Universes". Diese Arbeit diente als Vorlage für den mit dem Oscar und mehreren Golden Globes ausgezeichneten Film "The Theory Full name: Stephen William Hawking Born: 8 January 1942 Hometown: Oxford, England Occupation: Scientist Died: 14 March 2018 Best known for: His work on explaining the origins of the universe and black holes. [119][120] He also received increasing academic recognition of his work. [97][98], In the early 1970s, Hawking's work with Carter, Werner Israel, and David C. Robinson strongly supported Wheeler's no-hair theorem, one that states that no matter what the original material from which a black hole is created, it can be completely described by the properties of mass, electrical charge and rotation. [303] In September 2013, he expressed support for the legalisation of assisted suicide for the terminally ill.[304] In August 2014, Hawking accepted the Ice Bucket Challenge to promote ALS/MND awareness and raise contributions for research. [34] Despite their families' financial constraints, both parents attended the University of Oxford, where Frank read medicine and Isobel read Philosophy, Politics and Economics. Im Jahr 1990 ließen sich Stephen und Jane Hawking scheiden, da der Wissenschaftler eine Affäre mit seiner persönlichen If I receive a Second, I shall stay in Oxford, so I expect you will give me a First. [165][166], He received further academic recognition, including five more honorary degrees,[162] the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1985),[167] the Paul Dirac Medal (1987)[162] and, jointly with Penrose, the prestigious Wolf Prize (1988). [116] Hawking acknowledged that he had lost the bet in 1990, a bet that was the first of several he was to make with Thorne and others. Jahrhunderts. Fachbereich: Physik, Astrophysik 1974: Ernennung zum Mitglied der Royal Society [222], Hawking's final paper – A smooth exit from eternal inflation? I've called it both at one time or another. "[359], Hawking expressed concern that life on Earth is at risk from a sudden nuclear war, a genetically engineered virus, global warming, or other dangers humans have not yet thought of. [249] After his second marriage, Hawking's family felt excluded and marginalised from his life. [323], His private funeral took place on 31 March 2018,[324] at Great St Mary's Church, Cambridge. What I meant by 'we would know the mind of God' is, we would know everything that God would know, if there were a God, which there isn't. Tod: 14. By the late 1970s and following the publication of further research, the discovery was widely accepted as a significant breakthrough in theoretical physics. "[388] Hawking alleged ministers damaged the NHS, he blamed the Conservatives for cutting funding, weakening the NHS by privatisation, lowering staff morale through holding pay back and reducing social care. References. Hawking used a variety of different chairs from that time, including a DragonMobility Dragon elevating powerchair from 2007, as shown in the April 2008 photo of Hawking attending NASA's 50th anniversary;[271] a Permobil C350 from 2014; and then a Permobil F3 from 2016. [38][39] In St Albans, the family was considered highly intelligent and somewhat eccentric;[38][40] meals were often spent with each person silently reading a book. [298] At the turn of the century, he and eleven other humanitarians signed the Charter for the Third Millennium on Disability, which called on governments to prevent disability and protect the rights of the disabled. Januar 1942 in Oxford (England) geboren. Für seine Theorien im Bezug auf Schwarze Löcher fand Hawking in wissenschaftlichen Kreisen viel Beachtung, stieß jedoch mit seiner Arbeit über "The Black Hole Information Loss Problem" auch Seither war er zur Kommunikation auf einen Sprachcomputer angewiesen. I believe in universal health care. [279][280] The National Health Service was ready to pay for a nursing home, but Jane was determined that he would live at home. To communicate with others, someone who knew him well would interpret his speech into intelligible speech. in ihrer Autobiographie "Travelling to Infinity – My Life with Stephen". 1. His mother was one of the first female students to have graduated from the Oxford University. [396][397] The same year, his synthesiser voice was recorded for the Pink Floyd song "Keep Talking",[398][180] and in 1999 for an appearance on The Simpsons. [186][243][244] After a tracheotomy in 1985, Hawking required a nurse 24/7 and nursing care was split across 3 shifts daily. Hawking was born in Oxford into a family of doctors. Januar 1942 in Oxford, England; † 14. [305], In late 2006, Hawking revealed in a BBC interview that one of his greatest unfulfilled desires was to travel to space;[306] on hearing this, Sir Richard Branson offered a free flight into space with Virgin Galactic, which Hawking immediately accepted. [161] A difficulty refusing the invitations and visitors left him limited time for work and his students. He wanted to study math at university but Oxford didn't have a math degree at the time so he chose … Stephen Hawking didn’t argue with ‘tough’ or ‘stubborn’, but when he was called ‘courageous’, he objected. At the 2016 Pride of Britain Awards, Hawking received the lifetime achievement award "for his contribution to science and British culture". [384] Hawking believed a United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union (Brexit) would damage the UK's contribution to science as modern research needs international collaboration, and that free movement of people in Europe encourages the spread of ideas. [132] Following a conference in Moscow in October 1981, Hawking and Gary Gibbons[8] organised a three-week Nuffield Workshop in the summer of 1982 on "The Very Early Universe" at Cambridge University, a workshop that focused mainly on inflation theory. But from childhood, he liked science and space. Stephen Hawking emphatically argued and bet that Higgs boson would never be found due to which he had a public dispute with Peter Higgs. Als ehemaliger Doktorand bei Stephen Hawking war auch der französische Physiker und Schriftsteller einer der weltweit bedeutendsten und einflussreichsten Physiker des 20. [164] Some colleagues were resentful of the attention Hawking received, feeling it was due to his disability. [204], In 2002, following a UK-wide vote, the BBC included Hawking in their list of the 100 Greatest Britons. Follow me on Twitter. Worte zu wählen. [52] From 1958 on, with the help of the mathematics teacher Dikran Tahta, they built a computer from clock parts, an old telephone switchboard and other recycled components. image caption Stephen Hawking arrives on the red carpet with former wife Jane Hawking (L) and daughter Lucy Hawking (R). [160], Media attention was intense,[161] and a Newsweek magazine-cover and a television special both described him as "Master of the Universe". Stephen Hawking as Millennium Professor", "Archival material relating to Stephen Hawking", "Stephen Hawking collected news and commentary", Stephen Hawking collected news and commentary, "Stephen Hawking at 70: Exclusive interview", The Universe and Beyond, with Stephen Hawking, These Are The Discoveries that made Stephen Hawking Famous, The Event Horizon Telescope Collaboration, International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources, American Foundation for AIDS Research (AMFAR), Association of Academies of the Spanish Language, Daughters of Charity of Saint Vincent de Paul, Spanish Organization for the Blind (ONCE), Existential risk from artificial general intelligence, Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence, Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies, Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence, Artificial intelligence as a global catastrophic risk, Controversies and dangers of artificial general intelligence, Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Hawking&oldid=1016224307, Commanders of the Order of the British Empire, Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, Members of the American Philosophical Society, Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour, Members of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences, People educated at St Albans High School for Girls, People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire, Recipients of the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Universal basic income in the United Kingdom, Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, Articles with self-published sources from March 2018, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles lacking reliable references from August 2018, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Articles with Encyclopædia Britannica links, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CANTIC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz identifiers, Wikipedia articles with ORCID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SNAC-ID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Wikipedia articles with multiple identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, 2020: Spanish health workers on the front line against, This page was last edited on 6 April 2021, at 01:27. [286][287] The program was originally run on a desktop computer. Talk about creating life in our own image. 1988: Veröffentlichung des populärwissenschaftlichen Werkes "Eine kurze Geschichte der Zeit". He believed that philosophers "have not kept up with modern developments in science" and that scientists "have become the bearers of the torch of discovery in our quest for knowledge". Nach seiner Schulausbildung sollte er dem Wunsch seines Vaters gemäß ebenfalls Medizin studieren, entschloss sich jedoch dazu, [1][326][331][332], Inscribed on his memorial stone are the words "Here lies what was mortal of Stephen Hawking 1942–2018" and his most famed equation. See Guth (1997) for a popular description of the workshop, or, Stephen Hawking's Black Hole Theory (video; 08:39; 16 October 2018), Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences, Breakthrough Prize in Fundamental Physics, BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award, Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1974, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Black Holes and Baby Universes and Other Essays, Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, United Kingdom withdrawal from the European Union, Stephen Hawking Medal for Science Communication, The Dreams That Stuff Is Made of: The Most Astounding Papers of Quantum Physics and How They Shook the Scientific World, Black Holes & Time Warps: Einstein's Outrageous Legacy, "The Singularities of Gravitational Collapse and Cosmology", "Stephen Hawking to Join Newton, Darwin in Final Resting Place", "Stephen William Hawking CH CBE.