[112], "Goethe" and "Göte" redirect here. His focus on morphology and what was later called homology influenced 19th century naturalists, although his ideas of transformation were about the continuous metamorphosis of living things and did not relate to contemporary ideas of "transformisme" or transmutation of species. Every creature is its own reason to be. (More light! Their last meeting in Carlsbad on 5 September 1823 inspired him to the famous Marienbad Elegy which he considered one of his finest works. Johann Wolfgang von GOETHE [ˈjoːhan ˈvɔlfɡaŋ fɔn ˈɡøːtə], esperantigite Johano Volfgango Goeto (naskiĝis la 28-an de aŭgusto 1749 en Frankfurto ĉe Majno, mortis la 22-an de marto 1832 en Vajmaro) estis germana poeto kaj dramverkisto, krome ŝtatministro, juristo, filozofo kaj natursciencisto.Li estas ofte konsiderata la plej grava germana poeto. But there exists a level at which it wholly disappears, and where one stands, so to speak, above the nations, and feels the weal or woe of a neighboring people as though it were one's own. His written account of these events can be found within his Complete Works. The German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer named Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship one of the four greatest novels ever written,[6][c] while the American philosopher and essayist Ralph Waldo Emerson selected Goethe as one of six "representative men" in his work of the same name (along with Plato, Emanuel Swedenborg, Montaigne, Napoleon, and Shakespeare). The phrase Goethe uses is "Mischmasch von Irrtum und Gewalt", in his "Zahme Xenien" IX. In Leipzig, Goethe fell in love with Anna Katharina Schönkopf and wrote cheerful verses about her in the Rococo genre. The work subsequently inspired operas and oratorios by Schumann, Berlioz, Gounod, Boito, Busoni and Schnittke, as well as symphonic works by Liszt, Wagner and Mahler. [57], Many of Goethe's works, especially Faust, the Roman Elegies, and the Venetian Epigrams, depict erotic passions and acts. p. 343, Scientific Studies, Suhrkamp ed., vol. said Zelter. La última edición d'esta páxina foi el 14 och 2020, a les 13:29. Late at night they burst into his bedroom with drawn bayonets. [3] His works include: four novels; epic and lyric poetry; prose and verse dramas; memoirs; an autobiography; literary and aesthetic criticism; and treatises on botany, anatomy, and colour. "Es ist die Liebe, die die Welt im Innersten zusammenhält." [109], Goethe's scientific and aesthetic ideas have much in common with Denis Diderot, whose work he translated and studied. On a trip to the village Sessenheim, Goethe fell in love with Friederike Brion, in October 1770,[15][16] but, after ten months, terminated the relationship in August 1771. In many respects, he was the originator of many ideas which later became widespread. They had already had several children together by this time, including their son, Julius August Walter von Goethe (1789–1830), whose wife, Ottilie von Pogwisch (1796–1872), cared for the elder Goethe until his death in 1832. At this time, Goethe was acquainted with the court of Darmstadt, where his inventiveness was praised. 1: Briefe der Jahre 1764–1786. He was an early participant in the Sturm und Drang literary movement. But that in my century I am the only person who knows the truth in the difficult science of colours—of that, I say, I am not a little proud, and here I have a consciousness of a superiority to many. This is not to say that he was emotionalistic or excessive; on the contrary, he lauded personal restraint and felt that excess was a disease: "There is nothing worse than imagination without taste". Goethe's preoccupation with and reverence for Spinoza are well known and documented in the history of Western thought. 1818 quotes from Johann Wolfgang von Goethe: 'One ought, every day at least, to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine picture, and, if it were possible, to speak a few reasonable words. [43] While not the only one in his time to question the prevailing view that this bone did not exist in humans, Goethe, who believed ancient anatomists had known about this bone, was the first to prove its existence in all mammals. "And yet you heard Mozart in his seventh year at Frankfurt?" During his first ten years in Weimar, Goethe became a member of the Duke's privy council, sat on the war and highway commissions, oversaw the reopening of silver mines in nearby Ilmenau, and implemented a series of administrative reforms at the University of Jena. [7] Johann Caspar married Goethe's mother, Catharina Elizabeth Textor, at Frankfurt on 20 August 1748, when he was 38 and she was 17. [103] Matthew Arnold found in Goethe the "Physician of the Iron Age" and "the clearest, the largest, the most helpful thinker of modern times" with a "large, liberal view of life. Liszt and Mahler both created symphonies in whole or in large part inspired by this seminal work, which would give the 19th century one of its most paradigmatic figures: Doctor Faustus. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Escritor alemán –Es feliz, sea rey o campesino, el que encuentra paz en su hogar– Considerado el literato más importante en lengua alemana. Turner. [110], Thinkers such as Ralph Waldo Emerson would take up many similar ideas in the 1800s. Although the accuracy of Goethe's observations does not admit a great deal of criticism, his aesthetic approach did not lend itself to the demands of analytic and mathematical analysis used ubiquitously in modern Science. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe[a] (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832)[3] was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, critic, and amateur artist. "Germany's greatest man of letters… and the last true polymath to walk the earth." Some of the Venetian Epigrams were held back from publication due to their sexual content. [67][68][69] He was one of the central figures in a great flowering of a highly influential Neo-Spinozism[70][71][72] which occurred in German philosophy and literature of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. )[20], In 1775, Goethe was invited, on the strength of his fame as the author of The Sorrows of Young Werther, to the court of Karl August, Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, who would become Grand Duke in 1815. Goethe was, however, the first to systematically study the physiological effects of colour, and his observations on the effect of opposed colours led him to a symmetric arrangement of his colour wheel, "for the colours diametrically opposed to each other ... are those which reciprocally evoke each other in the eye. In 1779, Goethe took on the War Commission of the Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar, in addition to the Mines and Highways commissions. The first part was published in 1808 and created a sensation. Gosnell, Charles F., and Géza Schütz. For other uses, see, In 1998, both of these sites, together with nine others, were designated a, Catharina was the daughter of Johann Wolfgang Textor, sheriff (. Stretched upon his back, he reposed as if asleep; profound peace and security reigned in the features of his sublimely noble countenance. In May 1772 he once more began the practice of law at Wetzlar. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. Anerkennung hat er sich mit bedeutenden Werken nicht nur in der Literatur verschafft, sondern auch in der Kunsttheorie und den Naturwissenschaften. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Short Biography. The barricading of the kitchen and the cellar against the wild pillaging soldiery was her work. In 1791 he was made managing director of the theatre at Weimar, and in 1794 he began a friendship with the dramatist, historian, and philosopher Friedrich Schiller, whose plays he premiered until Schiller's death in 1805. If I tire of her as a girl, she'll play the boy for me as well". Letter to Boisserée dated 22 March 1831 quoted in Peter Boerner, McCabe, Joseph. He is also widely quoted. His work, Faust, which is sometimes considered as Germany’s greatest contribution to world literature. This collaborative friendship lasted until Schiller's death in 1805. Goethe finished Faust Part Two in the year of his death, and the work was published posthumously. Ta on üks tähtsamaid saksa proosakirjanikke ja luuletajaid. No other landscape has he described as affectionately as the warm, wide Rhine area. If an ever busy imagination, of which that tale may bear witness, led me hither and thither, if the medley of fable and history, mythology and religion, threatened to bewilder me, I readily fled to those oriental regions, plunged into the first books of Moses, and there, amid the scattered shepherd tribes, found myself at once in the greatest solitude and the greatest society. Educado por su padre, un abogado que abandonó la vida pública para dedicarse a sus hijos, Johann inició sus estudios en Derecho, en 1765, en Leipzig, ciudad en la que nació su interés por la literatura y la pintura. Catalogue of the Library of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross, Los años de aprendizaje de Wilhelm Meister, Caballero de primera clase de la Orden de Santa Ana, Academia Alemana de les Ciencies Naturales Leopoldina, Sociedad silesiana para la cultura patriótica, http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/37104235, https://www.kunstverein-sachsen.de/chronik/1828-1946.html, https://ast.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johann_Wolfgang_von_Goethe&oldid=3057828, 1000 artículos que toa Wikipedia habría de tener, Wikipedia:Páxines con etiquetes de Wikidata ensin traducir, Wikipedia:Páxines con enllaz commonscat dende Wikidata, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores VIAF, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores ISNI, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNA, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNE, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNF, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BNC, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores CANTIC, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores GND, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores LCCN, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores NLA, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores SNAC, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores ULAN, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BIBSYS, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores UB, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores IPNI, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores SBN, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Leopoldina, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Open Library, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores RKDartists, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores BVMC persona, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Dialnet, Wikipedia:Artículos con identificadores Proyeutu Gutenberg autor, Llicencia Creative Commons Reconocimientu/CompartirIgual 3.0. [110][111] Both Diderot and Goethe exhibited a repugnance towards the mathematical interpretation of nature; both perceived the universe as dynamic and in constant flux; both saw "art and science as compatible disciplines linked by common imaginative processes"; and both grasped "the unconscious impulses underlying mental creation in all forms. How could I, to whom the only significant things are civilization [Kultur] and barbarism, hate a nation which is among the most cultivated in the world, and to which I owe a great part of my own culture? Ye'l representante más conocíu del periodu clásicu alemán ("Weimarer Klassik") y según la crítica ún de los meyores escritores en llingua alemana. [54] In the Kurschner edition of Goethe's works, the science editor, Rudolf Steiner, presents Goethe's approach to science as phenomenological. März 1832 [17] Several of his poems, like "Willkommen und Abschied", "Sesenheimer Lieder" and "Heidenröslein", originate from this time. While in Southern Italy and Sicily, Goethe encountered, for the first time genuine Greek (as opposed to Roman) architecture, and was quite startled by its relative simplicity. Oehler, R 1932, "Buch und Bibliotheken unter der Perspektive Goethe" ‘Goethe’s attitude toward books and libraries’. Goethe's influence was dramatic because he understood that there was a transition in European sensibilities, an increasing focus on sense, the indescribable, and the emotional. (más lluz!). As head of the Saxe-Weimar War Commission, Goethe participated in the recruitment of mercenaries into the Prussian and British military during the American Revolution. His works and opinions made a deep impression on many of the writers and poets of the early 19th century. [49], In 1810, Goethe published his Theory of Colours, which he considered his most important work. Though he had studied law in Leipzig and had been appointed Imperial Councillor, Johann Caspar Goethe was not involved in the city's official affairs. Goethe clearly saw human sexuality as a topic worthy of poetic and artistic depiction, an idea that was uncommon in a time when the private nature of sexuality was rigorously normative. In 1832, Goethe died in Weimar of apparent heart failure. Every moment is of infinite value. During the course of his trip Goethe met and befriended the artists Angelica Kauffman and Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein, as well as encountering such notable characters as Lady Hamilton and Alessandro Cagliostro (see Affair of the Diamond Necklace). - Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe - (Alemania, 1749-1832) Poeta, novelista, dramaturgo y científico alemán.La poesía de Goethe expresa una nueva concepción de las relaciones de la humanidad con la naturaleza, la historia y la sociedad; sus dramas y sus novelas reflejan un profundo conocimiento de la individualidad humana. He was fascinated by mineralogy, and the mineral goethite (iron oxide) is named after him. Goethe embodied many of the contending strands in art over the next century: his work could be lushly emotional, and rigorously formal, brief and epigrammatic, and epic. Vol. [44] In 1790, he published his Metamorphosis of Plants. THE LORD Hast thou, then, nothing more to mention? Followers of the twentieth-century esotericist Rudolf Steiner built a theatre named the Goetheanum after him—where festival performances of Faust are still performed. The Federal Republic of Germany's cultural institution, the Goethe-Institut, is named after him, and promotes the study of German abroad and fosters knowledge about Germany by providing information on its culture, society and politics. [51] Goethe's work also inspired the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein, to write his Remarks on Colour. "[104], It was to a considerable degree due to Goethe's reputation that the city of Weimar was chosen in 1919 as the venue for the national assembly, convened to draft a new constitution for what would become known as Germany's Weimar Republic. In it, he contentiously characterized colour as arising from the dynamic interplay of light and darkness through the mediation of a turbid medium. In 1919, the world premiere complete production of Faust was staged at the Goetheanum. [86] Goethe sympathized with the American Revolution and later wrote a poem in which he declared "America, you're better off than our continent, the old. geboren 1749 in Frankfuhrt Universalgenie bedeutenster Dichter Weimar gelebt Sparsam, selbstverliebt durch Frauen inspiriert starb 1832 in Weimar Wer war Goethe eigentlich? The two became close friends, and crucially to Goethe's intellectual development, Herder kindled his interest in Shakespeare, Ossian and in the notion of Volkspoesie (folk poetry). Perhaps the single most influential piece is "Mignon's Song" which opens with one of the most famous lines in German poetry, an allusion to Italy: "Kennst du das Land, wo die Zitronen blühn?" His other compositions inspired by Goethe include the overture Calm Sea and Prosperous Voyage (Op. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, Soundtrack: Valkyrie. Johann reflected, "There is nothing more charming to see than a mother with her child in her arms, and there is nothing more venerable than a mother among a number of her children. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 August 1749 – 22 March 1832) was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman, theatre director, critic, and amateur artist. During convalescence, Goethe was nursed by his mother and sister. Like Heinrich Heine, Nietzsche mentions in his writings frequently Goethe and Spinoza as a pair. [5] He also had the largest private collection of minerals in all of Europe. His father and private tutors gave the young Goethe lessons in all the common subjects of their time, especially languages (Latin, Greek, French, Italian, English and Hebrew). On 14 October 1772 Goethe held a gathering in his parental home in honour of the first German "Shakespeare Day". By the time of his death, in order to gain a comprehensive view in geology, he had collected 17,800 rock samples. His uncritical admiration for many contemporary poets vanished as he became interested in Gotthold Ephraim Lessing and Christoph Martin Wieland. Sein literarisches Schaffen beeinflusste schon zu Lebzeiten die Gesellschaft und seine Werke gelten als Standardwerke f… [37] However, Goethe explained his use of Werther in his autobiography. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (Frankfurt an Main, 28 de Agosto de 1749 — Weimar, 22 de Márcio de 1832) fui un scritor alman i pensador que tamien ancursionou pul campo de la … Later, a facet of its plot, i.e., of selling one's soul to the devil for power over the physical world, took on increasing literary importance and became a view of the victory of technology and of industrialism, along with its dubious human expenses. "[59] On another occasion he wrote: "I like boys a lot, but the girls are even nicer. Goethe, aside from official duties, was also a friend and confidant to the Duke, and participated fully in the activities of the court. Goethe obtained a copy of the biography of a noble highwayman from the German Peasants' War. These include Hippocrates' "Art is long, life is short", which is echoed in Goethe's Faust and Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship. This "gap in the record" has been the source of much speculation over the years. The restaurant Auerbachs Keller and its legend of Faust's 1525 barrel ride impressed him so much that Auerbachs Keller became the only real place in his closet drama Faust Part One. Suicide is considered sinful by Christian doctrine: suicides were denied Christian burial with the bodies often mistreated and dishonoured in various ways; in corollary, the deceased's property and possessions were often confiscated by the Church. Goethe also received lessons in dancing, riding and fencing. After growing up in a privileged upper middle class family, he studied law in Leipzig from 1765 to 1768, although he was more interested in literature. Arnold Bergsträsser, "Goethe's View of Christ", Gálik, Marián (1975), "Two Modern Chinese Philosophers on Spinoza (Some Remarks on Sino-German Spinoza's '. [9] He had a lively devotion to theater as well, and was greatly fascinated by puppet shows that were annually arranged[by whom?] The elephant's skull that led Goethe to this discovery, and was subsequently named the Goethe Elephant, still exists and is displayed in the Ottoneum in Kassel, Germany. He writes about this period: I had from childhood the singular habit of always learning by heart the beginnings of books, and the divisions of a work, first of the five books of Moses, and then of the Aeneid and Ovid's Metamorphoses. As his studies did not progress, Goethe was forced to return to Frankfurt at the close of August 1768. ("Do you know the land where the lemon trees bloom?"). Goethe was a Freemason, joining the lodge Amalia in Weimar in 1780, and frequently alluded to Masonic themes of universal brotherhood in his work,[91] he was also attracted to the Bavarian Illuminati a secret society founded on 1 May 1776. August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main geboren Gestorben am 22. During his Italian journey, Goethe formulated a theory of plant metamorphosis in which the archetypal form of the plant is to be found in the leaf – he writes, "from top to bottom a plant is all leaf, united so inseparably with the future bud that one cannot be imagined without the other". [citation needed] Along with Schiller, he was one of the leading figures of Weimar Classicism. [8] All their children, with the exception of Johann Wolfgang and his sister Cornelia Friederica Christiana (born in 1750), died at early ages. [102], In Victorian England, Goethe exerted a profound influence on George Eliot, whose partner George Henry Lewes wrote a Life of Goethe. Goethe's words inspired a number of compositions by, among others, Mozart, Beethoven (who idolised Goethe),[40] Schubert, Berlioz and Wolf. 28. His conversations and various shared undertakings throughout the 1790s with Schiller, Johann Gottlieb Fichte, Johann Gottfried Herder, Alexander von Humboldt,[5] Wilhelm von Humboldt, and August and Friedrich Schlegel have come to be collectively termed Weimar Classicism. Schopenhauer cited Goethe's novel Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship as one of the four greatest novels ever written, along with Tristram Shandy, La Nouvelle Héloïse and Don Quixote. 1,237 likes. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, was a German poet, playwright, novelist, scientist, statesman and amateur artist. [61][62] His own descriptions of his relationship to the Christian faith and even to the Church varied widely and have been interpreted even more widely, so that while Goethe's secretary Eckermann portrayed him as enthusiastic about Christianity, Jesus, Martin Luther, and the Protestant Reformation, even calling Christianity the "ultimate religion,"[63] on one occasion Goethe described himself as "not anti-Christian, nor un-Christian, but most decidedly non-Christian,"[64] and in his Venetian Epigram 66, Goethe listed the symbol of the cross among the four things that he most disliked. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1750 geboren 1832 gestorben Wer war Goethe eigentlich? In the last period, between Schiller's death, in 1805, and his own, appeared Faust Part One, Elective Affinities, the West-Eastern Diwan (a collection of poems in the Persian style, influenced by the work of Hafez), his autobiographical Aus meinem Leben: Dichtung und Wahrheit (From My Life: Poetry and Truth) which covers his early life and ends with his departure for Weimar, his Italian Journey, and a series of treatises on art. Contrajo matrimonio con Christiane Vulpius, una joven con quien logró tener cinco hijos de los cuales solo uno pudo sobrevivir, Julius August. [89] The medievalism of the Heidelberg Romantics was also repellent to Goethe's eighteenth-century ideal of a supra-national culture.[90]. The next work, his epic closet drama Faust, was completed in stages. Karl Robert Mandelkow, Bodo Morawe: Goethes Briefe. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28 Ağustos 1749, Frankfurt – 22 Mart 1832, Weimar), Alman... Jump to Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (28  d'agostu de 1749, Frankfurt del Main - 22  de marzu de 1832, Weimar) yera un escritor y poeta alemán (amás de científicu, teóricu del arte y políticu). This is pictured, somewhat satirically, in George Eliot's Middlemarch. During the year and a half that followed, because of several relapses, the relationship with his father worsened. Eckermann closes his famous work, Conversations with Goethe, with this passage: The morning after Goethe's death, a deep desire seized me to look once again upon his earthly garment. [101] Goethe met with her and her partner Benjamin Constant, with whom he shared a mutual admiration. Be always resolute with the present hour. Carl Vogel: "Die letzte Krankheit Goethe's". Wolfgang von Goethe, poeta y novelista de finales del siglo XVIII, que supo unir a su profunda sensibilidad un erudito conocimiento de las bellas artes, la naturaleza y la política.Mientras que con su obra refleja una lírica aspiración de retorno a la Antigüedad clásica, en su talante mostró una verdadera capacidad para actuar de modo sereno ante los acontecimientos históricos. Goethe Sur Kant. Profile: German writer, artist and politician, born 28 August 1749 in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, died 22 March 1832, in Weimar, Germany. 12, p. 121; trans. He said he "turned reality into poetry but his friends thought poetry should be turned into reality and the poem imitated." ), but this is disputed as Vogel was not in the room at the moment Goethe died. "[87][88] He did not join in the anti-Napoleonic mood of 1812, and he distrusted the strident nationalism which started to be expressed. But if you treat him as if he were what he ought to be and could be, he will become what he ought to be and could be. "[66], Born into a Lutheran family, Goethe's early faith was shaken by news of such events as the 1755 Lisbon earthquake and the Seven Years' War. The novel remains in print in dozens of languages and its influence is undeniable; its central hero, an obsessive figure driven to despair and destruction by his unrequited love for the young Lotte, has become a pervasive literary archetype. In Strasbourg, Goethe met Johann Gottfried Herder. but rather, Where do they come from? Herr Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. During the years at Weimar before he met Schiller he began Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship, wrote the dramas Iphigenie auf Tauris (Iphigenia in Tauris), Egmont, Torquato Tasso, and the fable Reineke Fuchs. Goethe outlines his method in the essay The experiment as mediator between subject and object (1772). Vida personal. The Serbian inventor and electrical engineer Nikola Tesla was heavily influenced by Goethe's Faust, his favorite poem, and had actually memorized the entire text. 3 talking about this. Goethe thus went to live in Weimar, where he remained for the rest of his life and where, over the course of many years, he held a succession of offices, including superintendent of the ducal library, [21] as the Duke's friend and chief adviser. His writings were immediately influential in literary and artistic circles. "[96] The two discussed politics, the writings of Voltaire, and Goethe's Sorrows of Young Werther, which Napoleon had read seven times and ranked among his favorites. The first production of Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin took place in Weimar in 1850. [41] He wrote several works on morphology and colour theory. For Goethe, his first ten years at Weimar could well be described as a garnering of a degree and range of experience which perhaps could be achieved in no other way. He is especially known for the drama Faust, considered by some to be Germany’s most … [85] At the time of the French Revolution, he thought the enthusiasm of the students and professors to be a perversion of their energy and remained skeptical of the ability of the masses to govern. Although Goethe's great passion was drawing, he quickly became interested in literature; Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock (1724–1803) and Homer figured among his early favorites. Goethe's journey to the Italian peninsula and Sicily from 1786 to 1788 was of great significance in his aesthetic and philosophical development. Casóse con Chistiane Vulpius, cola tuvo un fíu. Der Tragödie zweiter Teil 1832 das war sein letztes Werk vor seinem Tod Götz von Berlichingen On 13 October, Napoleon's army invaded the town. [75] Like Lessing and Herder, in many respects, Goethe was a devoted Spinozist. Having achieved both literary and commercial success in his lifetime, Goethe remains one of the most influential figures in modern era literature. In April 1770, Goethe left Frankfurt in order to finish his studies at the University of Strasbourg. Goethe praised Francis Bacon for his advocacy of science based on experiment and his forceful revolution in thought as one of the greatest strides forward in modern science. Some well-known quotations are often incorrectly attributed to Goethe. Novalis, himself a geologist and mining engineer, expressed the opinion that Goethe was the first physicist of his time and "epoch-making in the history of physics", writing that Goethe's studies of light, of the metamorphosis of plants and of insects were indications and proofs "that the perfect educational lecture belongs in the artist's sphere of work"; and that Goethe would be surpassed "but only in the way in which the ancients can be surpassed, in inner content and force, in variety and depth—as an artist actually not, or only very little, for his rightness and intensity are perhaps already more exemplary than it would seem". Goethe's comments and observations form the basis of several biographical works, notably Johann Peter Eckermann's Conversations with Goethe (1836). The conductor was Franz Liszt, who chose the date 28 August in honour of Goethe, who was born on 28 August 1749. [28] During that time he also developed a deep emotional bond with the Polish pianist Maria Agata Szymanowska.[29]. Already at this time, Goethe wrote a good deal, but he threw away nearly all of these works, except for the comedy Die Mitschuldigen. [3] Goethe was ennobled in 1782 (this being indicated by the "von" in his name). [107] However, he was critical of Bacon's inductive method and approach based on pure classification.