Coombs. They now had a majority over the official and nominated members. William Alexander Bustamante (24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was Chief Minister of Jamaica from 3 May 1953 to 2 February 1955, preceding Norman Manley, and Prime Minister from 29 April 1962 to 23 February 1967, preceding Donald Sangster.He was the founder of the conservative Jamaica Labor Party and the father of Jamaica's independence.. Bustamante became involved in many strikes in Jamaica during the 1930s. [30] It is a grated coconut and dark brown sugar confection flavored with fresh grated ginger, cooked to a hard consistency, "which is said to represent his firmness of character." 58 no. [17] In 1965, after suffering a stroke, he withdrew from active participation in public life. Alyssa Bustamante was born on January 28, 1994 in Cole, Missouri to drug-addict parents. He installed Gladys Longbridge as his private secretary, and she was to accompany him for the rest of his life as confidante, assistant, companion, and, finally, after September 6, 1962, his second wife. In 1953, Bustamante became Jamaica's first chief minister (the pre-independence title for head of government). Word lid van Facebook om met Alexander Bustamante en anderen in contact te komen. Workers were being organized and militantly politicized not only by the race and color conscious supporters of Marcus Garvey but also by the articulate socialist-oriented committees of Norman Manley, Frank Hill, Ken Hill, Arthur Henry, Richard Hart, Allan Coombs, Wills O. Isaacs, and Noel Nethersole. He was named William Alexander Clarke, but later changed his name in 1944 to William Alexander Bustamante. Norman Manley's portrait is more insightful in The New Jamaica: Selected Speeches and Writings, 1938-1968, edited with notes and introduction by Rex Nettleford (1971). William Alexander Clarke Bustamante (Hanover, 24 de febrero de 1884-Kingston, 6 de agosto de 1977) fue un sindicalista y político jamaicano. The Jamaica to which Bustamante returned in 1934 was a cauldron of social and economic discontent. Most of this time was spent in Cuba, where he eventually gained employment in the security police of Presidents Alfredo Zayas and Gerardo Machado in the 1920s. His parents were Robert Constantine Clarke, and wife Mary nee Wilson. The widespread labor disturbances of the years 1937 and 1938 provided the opportunity to establish himself as the foremost labor leader in the island. His mother, Mary Wilson, descended from the sturdy, independent Black peasantry of rural Hanover. Hamilton, B. L. St. John, Bustamante: anthology of a hero, Kingston, Jamaica: Produced for B. St. J. Hamilton by Publication & Productions, 1978. The voter turnout with 65.1%. Personality Campbell, Horace G. Coral Gardens 1963: The Rastafari and Jamaican Independence,Social and Economic Studies; Mona Vol. In 1967 he retired from politics, having reduced his participation during the previous three years because of failing health. 1, 2015, pp. Bustamante virtually single-handedly destroyed the West Indian Federation, established in 1958 to unify and order the political evolution of the English West Indian territories. Sir Alexander became the first Prime Minister of Independent Jamaica in 1962. The JLP ended up with 14 seats, and there were no independents. He died on August 6,1977, at the age of 93. He founded the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union following the 1938 labour riots, and the Jamaican Labour Party in 1943. [20] He was awarded an honorary LLD degree from the Fairfield University in 1963. On this day in Jamaican history, the Right Honorable Sir Alexander Bustamante, the first Prime Minister of Jamaica, was born. In the 1944 Jamaican general election, Bustamante's party won 22 of 32 seats in the first House of Representatives elected by universal suffrage. Despite these changes, ultimate power remained concentrated in the hands of the governor and other high officials. Along with his cousin, Norman Washington Manley, he is considered one of the founding fathers of modern Jamaica. The JLP was the overall winner of elections in April 1962, and Bustamante became premier. The widespread anti-colonial activism finally resulted in Parliament's granting universal suffrage in 1944 to residents in Jamaica. Facebook geeft mensen de … He combined the oratory of Marcus Garvey with the modified messianic spirit of the former millenialists Alexander Bedward and Solomon Hewitt, but he made the new movement his own instrument. In 1943 he founded the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), with himself as head. The PNP received more votes (203,048) than the JLP (199,538), but the JLP secured more seats; 17 to the PNP's 13. Sir Alexander Bustamante, circa 1960. Bustamante served as an assistant U.S. attorney for the Central District of California from 2002 to 2011, where he was the recipient of various local, state and national awards for excellence, including the United States Attorney General’s Award for Exceptional Service, the Department of Justice's highest award. [22] In 1966, an honorary LLD degree was conferred on him by the University of the West Indies. In 1947 he was arrested with Frank Pixley and put on trial for manslaughter at the courthouse in Port Maria. Bustamante travelled the world and worked in many different places. 1, (2014): 197-214,234. Along with being head of the government, Bustamante served as mayor of Kingston and Saint Andrew Corporation in 1947. Hill, Frank, Bustamante and his letters, Kingston, Jamaica: Kingston Publishers, 1976. A charismatic and impressive speaker, he used the media to criticize the prevailing political system and its attendant social problems. He died on August 6, 1977, at the age of 93 and was buried in the shrine for prime ministers of Jamaica in the national park in Kingston. After his return to Jamaica, Bustamante established himself as a money-lender in modest offices on Duke Street, then the desired cachet for all business addresses in Kingston. [26][27] His portrait graces the Jamaican one dollar coin. Immediately after his release Bustamante broke with Manley, reorganized the union, and formally launched the Jamaica Labor Party on July 1943 to rival the People's National Party and the Jamaica Democratic Party in the first general elections held in December 1944. The Right Excellent Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante (24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was a Jamaican politician and labour leader who became the first prime minister of Jamaica. There he met Mildred Edith Blanck, the widow of an English consulting engineer, whom he married in the Kingston Parish Church on December 12, 1910, while on one of his short visits to the island. [14] William Alexander Clarke, who later adopted the surname of Bustamante in honor of a Spanish captain who befriended him, was born on … His father, Robert Constantine Clarke, a member of the declining white plantocracy, was the overseer of a small, mixed-crop plantation called Blenheim, in the parish of Hanover on the then-isolated northwestern coast of the island. [12], Bustamante held this position until the JLP was defeated in 1955. Furthermore, her mother had several police cases registered against her, such as theft and drug possession. He was restless, extremely extroverted and gregarious. The only limits placed on their powers pertained to public security, public prosecutions and matters affecting members of the Civil Service, which still fell under the Colonial Secretary. His was a prominent voice and effective presence in the political life of the country. Born William Alexander Clarke, in the parish of Westmoreland, Jamaica 1884, the son of an Irish planter Robert Constantine Clarke and a Jamaican mother, Mary Clarke, although he is to have stated that his mother was actually Taino. William Alexander BustamanteWilliam Alexander Bustamante (1884-1977) was a Jamaican labor leader who became Jamaica's first chief minister under limited self-government and the first prime minister after independence in 1962. An excellent balanced account is Alexander Bustamante and Modern Jamaica by George Eaton (1975). Alexander Bustamante has been listed as a level-5 vital article in People, Politicians. Other articles where Sir Alexander Bustamante is discussed: Jamaica: Self-government: …Jamaica Labour Party (JLP) under Sir Alexander Bustamante pressed for secession from the federation. As a result, Norman Manley became the new chief minister.[13]. 390k. By virtue of the second marriage of Elsie Hunter, his paternal grandmother, to Alexander Shearer, he became distantly related to both Norman Washington Manley and Michael Manley, as well as to Hugh Shearer— all of whom were to be chief ministers or prime ministers of Jamaica. have led him to succeed his father as an overseer of the Jamaican landed interests. Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante GBE PC (born William Alexander Clarke; 24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was a Jamaican politician and labour leader, who, in 1962, became the first prime minister of Jamaica. Alexander Bustamante is lid van Facebook. Two seats were won by independents. Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante was a Jamaican politician and labour leader who in 1962 became the first prime minister of Jamaica. Between September 8, 1939, and February 8, 1942, Bustamante was imprisoned by the governor of Jamaica, Sir Arthur Richards, under wartime emergency powers for incitement to riot for addressing a group of longshoremen on the Kingston waterfront. [10] In 1952 he was arrested by the American authorities while he was on official business in Puerto Rico.[11]. He was the second of five children of the Clarke family. He/She was Communications Minister from 1943 to 1953 and Prime Minister of … Memorability Metrics. His birth name was William Alexander Clarke. The parties lobbied the colonial government for a further increase in constitutional powers for the elected government, and in June 1953 a new constitution provided for the appointment of a chief minister and seven other Ministers from the elected House of Representatives. Bustamante's own apochryphal explanation of the name is that it derives from the Spanish mariner who adopted him at the age of five, taking him to Spain where he was sent to school and where he saw active military service. [21] In 1964, he was made a member of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom (PC). He became the unofficial government leader, representing his party as Minister for Communications. NATIONAL HERO (1969) Legacy Shares with cousin Norman Washington Manley, the honour of being one of the two ‘Founding Fathers’ of Jamaica’s Independence, attained peacefully, August 6, 1962. Bustamante travelled… Bustamante was commended in 1955 for his public services in Jamaica. This article has been rated as Start-Class . A Jamaican candy, the Bustamante backbone, is named after him. Alexander Bustamante was born in the rural village of Blenheim, Hanover Parish on 24th February 1884. 1 Biography; Study Pack. He served 4 years in office. Hon. Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante was one of Jamaica's national heroes and the first prime minister of independent Jamaica. The Right Excellent Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante GBE (24 February 1884 – 6 August 1977) was a Jamaican politician and labour leader. [2], William said that he took the surname Bustamante to honour a Spanish sea captain who he claims adopted him in his early years and took him to Spain where he was sent to school and later returned to Jamaica.[3]. Michael Burke, "Norman Manley as premier". FIRST PRIME MINISTER Aug. 6, 1962 – Feb. 27, 1967. His decision not to participate in the federation and to orchestrate the Jamaican opposition to it in a 1961 referendum led to the demise of the federation in 1962, the year in which Bustamante's party, riding the crest of its successful campaign to withdraw Jamaica from the federation, won the general elections once more and made Bustamante the prime minister of independent Jamaica. Sir William Alexander Clarke Bustamante, Jamaica's first Prime Minister after the country gained independence in 1962, was born on February 24, 1884. The voter turnout was 72.9%.[15]. However, Bustamante did not leave Jamaica until 1905, when he was 21 years old—and he left as part of the early Jamaican migration to Cuba, where employment opportunities were expanding in the sugar industry. Hippolyte, Erin. In 1969, Bustamante became a Member of the Order of National Hero (ONH) in recognition of his achievements,[24] this along with Norman Manley, the black liberationist Marcus Garvey, and two leaders of the 1865 Morant Bay rebellion, Paul Bogle and George William Gordon. Alexander Bustamante is the 14,167th most popular politician (down from 12,831st in 2019), the 53rd most popular biography from Jamaica (down from 44th in 2019) and the 6th most popular Jamaican Politician. The Jamaican Legislative Council became the upper house, or Senate, of the bicameral Parliament. Bustamante is the surname which he formally adopted in September 1944, although he had been using that name regularly since the 1920s. He left Jamaica once again in 1905 at the age of 21. Bustamante was considered a "buster", "a champion of the common man and tough article. 279-281. His fourth wife was Gladys Longbridge, who he married on 7 September 1962, at the age of 78. He said that the JLP would not contest a by-election to the federal parliament. During Bustamante's internment Norman Manley and his followers rebuilt and expanded the organization of the Bustamante Industrial Trade Union. This resulted in the independence of Jamaica on 6 August 1962, and several other British colonies in the West Indies followed suit in the next decade. The Jamaica Labor Party won 23 of the 32 seats in the House of Representatives, with 41 percent of the votes, and Bustamante became Jamaica's first chief minister. Excellent Sir William Alexander Bustamante and the Rt. He attended elementary school in rural Hanover, once even in his mother's native village of Dalmally. While taking on the role of head of the BITU, he was also leader of government business. He began his political involvement by writing long, almost daily letters to the press, especially the venerable Daily Gleaner, the island's leading newspaper—then more than a century in continuous publication—and its smaller rival, The Jamaica Standard. He wrote on many subjects, but most had to do with the conditions of the lower orders of the working classes and the political ineptness of the local administrators. Historical Popularity Index (HPI) 18. William Alexander Bustamante, perhaps Jamaica's most flamboyant and charismatic politician, was born William Alexander Clarke on February 24, 1884. The 1959 Jamaican general election was held on 28 July 1959, and the number of seats was increased to 45. And indeed, it was through the efforts of the People's National Party, modeled after the British Labor Party, that Jamaica gained a new political status in 1944 with universal adult suffrage and an elected legislature with limited self-government. After losing the referendum, Manley took Jamaica to the polls in April 1962, to secure a mandate for the island's independence. Previously he had belonged to the People's National Party (founded in 1938 by his first cousin Norman Manley). 63, Iss. He was married four times. In 1937 he was elected as treasurer of the Jamaica Workers' Union (JWU), which had been founded by labour activist Allan G.S. In the 1955 Jamaican general election, the PNP won for the first time, securing 18 out of 32 seats. If the measure of a person is his/her legacy in words - both what they have actually said and what has been spoken about what they purportedly said - then former Prime Minister Sir Alexander Bustamante stands especially tall in Jamaican history. (review)." The first general election under Universal Adult Suffrage came in 1944 and the JLP won 22 of the 32 seats. The true power was held by his deputy, Donald Sangster.[18]. Bustamante is honoured in Jamaica with the title National Hero of Jamaica in recognition of his achievements. The decline of the old colonial system, hastened by the enormous difficulties which Great Britain had encountered during World War I and during the Great Depression, had saddled Jamaica with a type of politics and a bureaucracy which could not respond to the many problems which the island encountered. Earlier he had spent nearly ten years in Panama (probably between 1908 and 1919) working as a traffic inspector. The Alexander Bustamante Study Pack contains: Biographies (1) William Alexander Bustamante 1,357 words, approx. The PNP secured a wider margin of victory, taking 29 seats to the JLP's 16. He retired from active politics in 1967. His father was a white Irish planter named Robert Constantine Clarke and his mother a black Jamaican worker named Mary Clarke (Nee Wilson). Between 1905 and 1934 Bustamante lived outside of Jamaica, returning to his homeland for only brief visits. About Sir Alexander Bustamante. More significantly, the party gained less popular votes than the opposition People's National Party. A referendum in 1961 supported their views. Alexander Bustamante : biography. Biografía Gradually he became involved in the protest marches and other demonstrations of the urban masses. Sir Alexander Bustamante was born on February 24, 1884 , the son of Robert Constantine Clarke, an Irish planter and Mary Clarke (nee Wilson) a Jamaican of mixed blood. The internment made a political martyr of Bustamante and enhanced the position of his union among the masses. Along with being head of the government, Bustamante served as mayor o… The labour leader denounced Denham at a meeting of 7,000 at the Parade on May 4. [23] In the same year, he was also awarded the Special Grand Cordon of the Order of Brilliant Star by the Republic of China. Those few who recall his youth remember him as a fine horseman, who even as a teenager owned his personal horse and raced regularly with his numerous male cousins and others. The voter turnout was 65.2%. For the first time, the Ministers could now exercise wide responsibility in the management of the internal affairs of the island.